Cause

  • Too small joint angle
  • Too small gap
  • Too large root face
  • Wrong welding technique
  • Too low heat input


Remedial actions

  • Increase the joint angle (45 – 60°)
  • Increase the gap    
  • Adapt the root face in relation to the heat input (1 – 2 mm)
  • Decrease the oscillation of the electrode
  • Increase the heat input